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Quantum state tomography in a third-order integrated optical parametric oscillator.

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    Researchers measured quantum squeezing in an optical parametric oscillator. While observing significant amplitude squeezing, excess noise prevented entanglement, highlighting the need for phase noise control in quantum systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Nonlinear optics
    • Integrated photonics

    Background:

    • Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are crucial for generating non-classical states of light.
    • Integrated photonics offers miniaturized platforms for quantum optical experiments.
    • Understanding field correlations is essential for quantum information processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure the covariance matrix of fields in a third-order integrated optical parametric oscillator (OPO).
    • To quantify quantum squeezing and assess entanglement generation capabilities.
    • To investigate the impact of pump power on noise properties and correlations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an integrated third-order optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold.
    • Measured the covariance matrix of generated optical fields.
    • Analyzed amplitude and phase correlations, and state purity.

    Main Results:

    • Observed up to 2.3 ± 0.3 dB of squeezing in amplitude difference.
    • Inferred 4.9 ± 0.7 dB of on-chip squeezing.
    • Identified excess noise in conjugated quadratures, hindering entanglement.
    • Observed degradation of amplitude correlations and state purity with increasing pump power.
    • Correlated increased phase noise with reduced correlations and purity.

    Conclusions:

    • The integrated OPO exhibits significant amplitude squeezing.
    • Excess noise in specific quadratures limits the generation of entangled states.
    • Phase noise increases with pump power, degrading correlations and purity.
    • Effective phase noise control strategies are necessary for achieving entanglement in these integrated systems.