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Realizing highly efficient vertical coupling with dielectric deflective metasurfaces.

Minjun Xie, Bo Xiong, Tao Chu

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    We developed a new vertical coupling method using dielectric deflective metasurfaces for silicon photonics. This approach enhances light coupling efficiency and prevents signal loss, confirming its practical viability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Traditional vertical coupling in silicon photonics suffers from bi-directional transmission and efficiency limitations.
    • Second-order Bragg reflection in gratings hinders efficient light coupling.
    • Existing methods lack optimal mode matching for vertical-to-oblique light conversion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel out-of-plane modulation scheme for efficient vertical coupling.
    • To overcome the limitations of traditional vertical coupling methods.
    • To enhance light coupling efficiency on a silicon-on-insulator platform.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing dielectric deflective metasurfaces to redirect vertically incident light to an oblique angle.
    • Implementing an apodized subwavelength grating for improved mode matching.
    • Global optimization of the integrated metasurface and grating structure.
    • Simulating and measuring coupling efficiency and bandwidth.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a simulated coupling efficiency of -2.19 dB.
    • Measured a coupling efficiency of -3.36 dB at a center wavelength of 1545.6 nm.
    • Obtained a 1-dB bandwidth of 32 nm.
    • Demonstrated high efficiency deflection of light in the cladding layer.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed metasurface-based vertical coupling scheme is feasible and efficient.
    • The novel architecture effectively prevents bi-directional transmission.
    • This method offers a promising solution for advanced silicon photonic integrated circuits.