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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
Published on: June 26, 2020
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The distinct spatiotemporal evolutionary landscape of HBV and HDV largely determines the unique epidemic features of
Yibo Ding1, Hongbo Guo1, Xinfang Hong2
1Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|June 2, 2024
Summary
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) evolved separately from hepatitis B virus (HBV), originating in South America and spreading globally. HDV
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection causes severe viral hepatitis.
- HDV's dependence on HBV suggested co-evolution, but geographical prevalence and viral adaptation patterns challenge this.
- Discrepancies in HBV and HDV prevalence across regions (e.g., East Asia, Central Asia) indicate unique epidemiological features.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically elucidate the spatiotemporal evolutionary landscape of HDV.
- To understand the unique epidemic features and evolutionary path of HDV in relation to HBV.
- To investigate the factors contributing to the global geographical separation of HDV genotypes.
Main Methods:
- Phylogenetic analysis of HDV and HBV genomes.
- Spatiotemporal modeling to determine origins and dispersal routes.
- Comparative evolutionary analysis of HDV and HBV genotypes and their geographical distribution.
Main Results:
- HDV's most recent common ancestor (MRCA) originated in South America around the late 13th century.
- HDV dispersed globally primarily via Central Asia, evolving into eight genotypes from the 19th to 20th century.
- HBV's MRCA originated in Europe ~23.7 thousand years ago, with a stable global genotypic distribution by the time HDV emerged.
- HDV adapted to local HBV genotypes and human populations, leading to distinct geographical distributions of HDV genotypes.
- A significant increase in HDV infections was observed post-20th century.
Conclusions:
- HDV exhibits a distinct spatiotemporal evolutionary path compared to HBV.
- HDV's unique evolutionary history and adaptation to local HBV genotypes and human lineages drive its current epidemic features.
- HDV infections are projected to increase globally, necessitating enhanced control efforts.
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