Bioaccessibility of Glucosylceramide in Rice Based on the Cooking Condition and Cultivar

Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), a major sphingolipid in plants, possesses various food functions, including improvement of intestinal impairments. This study evaluated rice cooking conditions and cultivars based on GlcCer levels transferred into the digestive juice using an in vitro digestion model to investigate the factors related to GlcCer availability. GlcCer levels transferred into the digestive juice were higher in rice gruel than in boiled rice. The GlcCer levels in the digestive juice of boiled rice varied based on the rice cultivar, whereas those in rice gruel had no difference. Thus, GlcCer in rice was not fully utilized via digestion. Further, bioaccessibility was related to the amylose ratio and added water content.