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Related Concept Videos

Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

561
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Redox Titration: Overview01:21

Redox Titration: Overview

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Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
6.4K
Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

278
Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
278
Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

52.0K
Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
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Inside the microbial black box: a redox-centric framework for deciphering microbial metabolism.

John A Bouranis1, Malak M Tfaily1

  • 1Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.

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|June 2, 2024
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Microbial metabolism, crucial for climate and health, is driven by redox reactions. Viewing oxidative and reductive processes together offers a new systems biology framework for understanding and controlling microbial metabolism.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial metabolism
  • Systems biology
  • Redox biochemistry

Background:

  • Microbial metabolism significantly impacts global climate and human health.
  • Metabolic processes are governed by the balance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).
  • Historically, oxidative and reductive pathways were studied separately, limiting a holistic understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a framework for viewing microbial metabolism as a dynamic interplay between oxidative and reductive processes.
  • To highlight the importance of redox reactions in microbial systems.
  • To explore novel biotechnologies for monitoring and manipulating microbial redox status.

Main Methods:

  • Application of a redox-focused systems biology framework to diverse microbial systems.
  • Integration of omics technologies for system-level understanding.
  • Utilizing novel biotechnologies to observe and manipulate redox reactions.

Main Results:

  • A unified perspective on microbial metabolism integrating oxidative and reductive pathways.
  • Demonstration of controlling microbial metabolism through redox status manipulation.
  • Enhanced mechanistic understanding of microbial metabolic drivers.

Conclusions:

  • A redox-focused systems biology approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of microbial metabolism.
  • Novel biotechnologies enable unprecedented control over microbial metabolic pathways.
  • This integrated framework is essential for addressing global climate and human health challenges.