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Sap flow through partially embolized xylem vessel networks.

Anna L Jacobsen1, Martin D Venturas2, Uwe G Hacke3

  • 1Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|June 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Embolized vessels in woody plants disrupt sap flow, making hydraulic conductivity deviate from predictions based solely on vessel diameter. Network structure and emboli distribution significantly impact this divergence, revealing complex plant hydraulics.

Keywords:
cavitationconductivitydroughtembolismhydraulicstracheidsvulnerability curvewater relations

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Xylem Hydraulics
  • Woody Plant Biology

Background:

  • Sap transport in woody plants relies on xylem conduits.
  • Vessel lumen diameter predicts hydraulic conductivity when conduits are functional.
  • Embolism (air bubbles) in vessels increases hydraulic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how vessel embolism affects sap transport beyond individual conduit properties.
  • To understand the divergence between diameter-based conductivity estimates and actual measurements in partially embolized xylem.
  • To highlight the role of network structure and emboli distribution in plant hydraulics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of hydraulic conductivity measurements in relation to vessel embolism.
  • Examination of factors like pit resistance, connectivity, and network topology.
  • Comparison of diameter-based conductivity estimates with observed functional differences.

Main Results:

  • Hydraulic conductivity diverges from diameter-based predictions as vessels embolize.
  • Pit resistances, connectivity, path length, and network topology influence sap flow.
  • The relationship between embolized vessels and conductivity decline varies with emboli distribution and network structure.

Conclusions:

  • Xylem network structure and emboli distribution create functional differences in hydraulic conductivity.
  • Partially embolized xylem operates under non-optimal conditions, deviating from simple models.
  • Understanding these divergences is crucial for plant survival in natural environments.