Mesendodermal cells fail to contribute to heart formation following blastocyst injection

Blastocyst complementation offers an opportunity for generating transplantable whole organs from donor sources. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have traditionally served as the primary donor cells due to their ability to differentiate into any type of body cell. However, the use of PSCs raises ethical concerns, particularly regarding their uncontrollable differentiation potential to undesired cell lineages such as brain and germline cells. To address this issue, various strategies have been explored, including the use of genetically modified PSCs with restricted lineage potential or lineage-specified progenitor cells as donors. In this study, we tested whether nascent mesendodermal cells (MECs), which appear during early gastrulation, can be used as donor cells. To do this, we induced Bry-GFP⁺ MECs from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and introduced them into the blastocyst. While donor ESCs gave rise to various regions of embryos, including the heart, Bry-GFP⁺ MECs failed to contribute to the host embryos. This finding suggests that MECs, despite being specified from PSCs within a few days, lack the capacity to assimilate into the developing embryo.