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Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves

Published on: October 17, 2013

Choice of valve substitutes.

Palleti Rajashekar¹, Anish Gupta², Devagourou Velayoudam¹

¹Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, CVTS Office 7th Floor, Cardiothoracic and Neurosciences Centre, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India.

Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

|June 3, 2024

Summary

Choosing the right heart valve substitute for infective endocarditis (IE) involves considering patient factors and valve type. Mechanical valves, bioprosthetic valves, homografts, and newer tissue-engineered options each have unique implications for IE management.

Keywords:

Homografts Infective endocarditis Mechanical valves Tissue valves Tissue-engineered valves Valve substitutes

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Published on: May 21, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Surgery
Infective Endocarditis Research
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Infective endocarditis (IE) frequently requires surgical valve replacement.
The selection of prosthetic heart valves for IE is complex and debated.
Advancements in valve technology offer diverse options for surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current valve substitutes for infective endocarditis.
To discuss factors influencing the choice of valve replacement in IE.
To highlight emerging techniques in cardiac valve surgery for IE.

Main Methods:

Literature review of valve substitutes in infective endocarditis.
Analysis of patient-specific factors influencing prosthetic valve selection.
Discussion of mechanical, bioprosthetic, homograft, xenograft, and tissue-engineered valves.

Main Results:

Patient age, comorbidities, and surgeon experience are critical for valve choice.
Bioprosthetic valves and homografts may reduce the need for lifelong anticoagulation.
Emerging techniques like the Ozaki procedure and tissue-engineered valves show promise.

Conclusions:

The optimal valve substitute for IE depends on a thorough assessment of the patient's clinical condition and available options.
Individualized patient management is key to successful outcomes in infective endocarditis surgery.
Further research into tissue-engineered valves could offer new solutions for IE treatment.