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A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
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Exploring protocol development: Implementing systematic contextual memory to enhance real-time fMRI neurofeedback.

Steffen Maude Fagerland1,2,3, Henrik Røsholm Berntsen1, Mats Fredriksen4

  • 1The Intervention Centre, Division of Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

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|June 3, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a protocol for real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) to enhance brain region activation, showing potential for training supplementary motor area (SMA) and right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Further research is needed to clarify virtual reality's role.

Keywords:
ADHDTourette’s SyndromeVRrtfMRI-nf

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Impaired function in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is linked to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Tourette's Syndrome (TS).
  • Real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) offers a method to enhance conscious control over specific brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a protocol for rtfMRI-nf.
  • To assess the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) stimuli in enhancing selective brain activation.
  • To investigate if attention and contextual memory can strengthen rtfMRI-nf procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized open-science software for rtfMRI-nf and VR simulation.
  • Conducted seven exploratory tests with 19 volunteers, refining the protocol iteratively.
  • Implemented a protocol involving initial rtfMRI-nf sessions, a week of VR headset use, and subsequent rtfMRI-nf sessions.

Main Results:

  • Volunteers showed a tendency to increase activity in targeted brain regions (SMA and rIFG) through rtfMRI-nf.
  • Protocol and analysis methods were updated between pilot tests.
  • The contribution of VR simulation to the training outcome was unclear due to underpowered testing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol demonstrates the feasibility of selectively training brain regions like SMA and rIFG using rtfMRI-nf.
  • The rtfMRI-nf method is adaptable for training various brain regions.
  • Users are advised to adapt the protocol to specific experimental requirements.