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Allosterically activating SHP2 by oleanolic acid inhibits STAT3-Th17 axis for ameliorating colitis

Jinbo Hu1, Wen Liu1, Yi Zou2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B
|June 3, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Oleanolic acid activates Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), inhibiting inflammatory Th17 cell differentiation and mitigating colitis in mice.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is crucial for cell signaling, with therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases.
  • Identifying SHP2 activators and understanding their mechanisms is essential for developing new treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel allosteric activators of SHP2.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of SHP2 activation by oleanolic acid.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of oleanolic acid in colitis models.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step screening assay was employed to identify SHP2 activators.
  • The binding site and conformational changes induced by oleanolic acid were analyzed.
  • The effect of oleanolic acid on Th17 differentiation and STAT3 activation was investigated.
  • Colitis was induced in mice to assess the therapeutic efficacy of oleanolic acid, with SHP2 knockout and inhibitor controls.

Main Results:

  • Oleanolic acid was identified as a novel allosteric activator of SHP2, stabilizing its open conformation.
  • Oleanolic acid binds to specific residues (R362, K364, K366) in the PTP domain, facilitating substrate interaction.
  • Activated SHP2 by oleanolic acid inhibited STAT3 activation and Th17 cell differentiation by disrupting the STAT3-IL-6Rα interaction.
  • Oleanolic acid treatment significantly ameliorated colitis in mice, an effect dependent on SHP2 activity.

Conclusions:

  • Oleanolic acid is a potent SHP2 activator with a defined mechanism of action.
  • SHP2 activation by oleanolic acid provides a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases.
  • Oleanolic acid demonstrates significant potential as a treatment for colitis.
Keywords:
Allosteric activatorColitisOleanolic acidSHP2STAT3Th17

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