Functionalized fennel extract-mediated alumina/cerium oxide nanocomposite potentiometric sensor for the determination...

The current work suggests a new, ultrasensitive green functionalized sensor for the determination of anti-inflammatory medication diclofenac sodium (DCF). Alumina (Al₂O₃) and cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest for their use as outstanding and electroactive nanocomposite in potentiometric and sensory research due to their ultrafunctional potential. The formed nanoparticles have been confirmed using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The fennel extract-mediated Al₂O₃/CeO₂ nanocomposite (Al₂O₃/CeO₂ NCS) modified coated wire membrane sensor developed in this study was used to quantify DCF in bulk and commercial products. Diclofenac sodium was coupled with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) to generate diclofenac phosphomolybdate (DCF-PM) as an active ion-pair in the existence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE). Clear peaks at 270, and 303 nm with band gaps of 4.59 eV and 4.09 eV were measured using UV-vis spectroscopy of Al₂O₃ and CeO₂, respectively. The crystallite sizes of the formed nanoparticles were XRD-determined to be 30.13 ± 8, 17.72 ± 3, and 35.8 ± 0.5 nm for Al₂O₃, CeO₂, and Al₂O₃/CeO₂ NCS, respectively. The developed sensor showed excellent response for the measurement and assay of DCF, with a linearity between 1.0 × 10^-9 and 1.0 × 10^-2 mol L^-1. E_mV = (57.76) log [DCF] +622.69 was derived. On the other hand, the typical type DCF-PM presented a potentiometric response range of 1.0 × 10^-5-1.0 × 10^-2 mol L^-1 and a regression equation of E_mV = (56.97) log [DCF]+367.16. The functionalized sensor that was proposed was successful in determining DCF in its commercial tablets with percent recovery 99.95 ± 0.3. Method validation has been used to improve the suitability of the suggested potentiometric technique, by studying various parameters with respect to the international council harmonization requirements for analytical methodologies.