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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Clinical Features and Analysis in Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome.

Qiuxuan Guo1, Jing Zhao2, Shuang Yu3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Fuqing City Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuqing 350300, Fujian, China.

International Journal of Endocrinology
|June 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) in Chinese patients commonly causes multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, particularly in males. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to address associated metabolic complications like dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the absence of the pituitary stalk, pituitary hypoplasia, and ectopic posterior pituitary.
  • The etiology and clinical manifestations of PSIS are not fully understood, necessitating further investigation into its characteristics and associated conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical features, endocrine deficiencies, and common complications of Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) in a cohort of Chinese patients.
  • To enhance the understanding of PSIS for improved clinical diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 24 inpatients diagnosed with PSIS over a 10-year period.
  • Data collected included clinical presentation, laboratory results, imaging findings, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The study identified 22 males (91.7%) and 2 females (8.3%) among the 24 PSIS patients.
  • All patients exhibited growth hormone deficiency (100%) and hypogonadism (100%). Other common deficiencies included secondary adrenal insufficiency (91.2%) and hypothyroidism (87.5%).
  • Frequent complications included dyslipidemia (79.2%), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (62.5%), and hyperuricemia (37.5%).

Conclusions:

  • PSIS predominantly affects males and is associated with multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies.
  • Associated metabolic complications like dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increase cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks.
  • Timely evaluation of pituitary function and complications is essential for effective management and to prevent delayed treatment.