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Domain-specific associations between psychopathology and neurocognitive functioning.

Eirini Zoupou1, Tyler M Moore1, Monica E Calkins1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Psychological Medicine
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Summary

This study reveals that neurocognitive functioning is linked to various psychopathology dimensions in youth. Specific cognitive patterns are associated with different mental health conditions, supporting transdiagnostic approaches.

Keywords:
factor analysisneurocognitionpsychopathologytransdiagnostic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Neurocognitive dysfunction is a common feature across psychopathology, but its relationship with specific dimensions of mental health conditions in youth is not fully understood.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for developing effective, transdiagnostic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between various neurocognitive domains and general and specific dimensions of psychopathology in a large cohort of adolescents and young adults.
  • To clarify the shared and distinct patterns of cognitive functioning across different clinical phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 9350 participants (ages 8-21) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.
  • Employed bifactor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to model psychopathology into a general 'p' factor and six specific dimensions.
  • Used correlated-traits CFA to aggregate neurocognitive data into five factors: executive functioning, memory, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensorimotor speed.

Main Results:

  • The study found both general and specific associations between cognitive functioning and psychopathology dimensions.
  • Most psychopathology dimensions were negatively associated with neurocognitive functioning, with notable exceptions.
  • Dysphoria/distress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms showed positive associations with complex cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Neurocognitive functioning exhibits both shared aspects across clinical phenotypes and domain-specific patterns in youth.
  • These findings support the transdiagnostic examination of cognitive performance to better understand the link between neurocognition and clinical presentations.
  • The results highlight the importance of considering cognitive profiles in the context of psychopathology research and treatment.