Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

The de Broglie Wavelength

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...

Energy Bands in Solids

Energy Bands in Solids

Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...

Band Theory

Band Theory

When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Genetic diversity of late Neanderthals in northwestern Europe.

Nature·2026

Same author

Field-resolved observation of exciton coherence in a van der Waals magnet.

Nature materials·2026

Same author

Probing Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry in 2D Materials with Tailored-Light Photocurrent Generation.

ACS nano·2026

Same author

Cross-Process Interference in Single-Cycle Electron Emission from Metal Needle Tips.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Attosecond physics in optical near fields.

Nature physics·2025

Same author

Quantum light drives electrons strongly at metal needle tips.

Nature physics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

Strong-Field Bloch Electron Interferometry for Band-Structure Retrieval.

Tobias Weitz¹, Christian Heide^1,2, Peter Hommelhoff¹

¹Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstrasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|June 3, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Strong-field Bloch electron interferometry uses Landau-Zener transitions to probe solid-state band structures. This method precisely measures graphene

More Related Videos

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Solid-state physics
Quantum optics
Materials science

Background:

Bloch electrons in solids acquire quantum phase when driven by optical fields.
Landau-Zener transitions occur at avoided band crossings, splitting electron paths.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and apply strong-field Bloch electron interferometry for band structure characterization.
To measure the Fermi velocity of graphene near K points.

Main Methods:

Utilizing sequential Landau-Zener transitions induced by strong optical fields.
Employing interferometry to analyze electron dynamics and acquire band structure information.

Main Results:

Successfully implemented strong-field Bloch electron interferometry.
Measured graphene's Fermi velocity as (1.07±0.04) nm fs⁻¹ near K points.

Conclusions:

Strong-field Bloch electron interferometry is a versatile tool for band structure retrieval.
The technique offers femtosecond temporal resolution at ambient conditions for various materials.