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The double empathy problem: A derivation chain analysis and cautionary note.

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The double empathy problem (DEP) in autism research is poorly defined and conflated with other ideas. Strengthening its conceptual basis is crucial before applying findings in clinical settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Science
  • Autism Research
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • The "double empathy problem" (DEP) is increasingly studied, particularly in autism research.
  • Existing DEP research has potential but suffers from conceptual weaknesses.
  • It is often conflated with other psychological constructs, leading to the "jingle-jangle" fallacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the conceptualization of the DEP in psychological science.
  • To highlight the "jingle-jangle" fallacy within DEP research.
  • To propose a path toward more robust research on atypical social cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual analysis of "double empathy problem" research.
  • Examination of construct conflation in social cognition studies.
  • Synthesis proposal with cognitive neuroscience of social interaction.

Main Results:

  • The DEP is poorly conceptualized and conflated with numerous other constructs.
  • This conceptual ambiguity hinders the translation of theoretical claims into empirical evidence.
  • Weak derivation chains impede robust scientific understanding of social processes.

Conclusions:

  • DEP research requires significant conceptual refinement and a stronger link to cognitive neuroscience.
  • Strengthening the derivation chain is essential for advancing the study of (a)typical social cognition.
  • Caution is advised regarding the application of current DEP findings in clinical practice until conceptual issues are resolved.