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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
Published on: May 16, 2025
Insights into dynamic coenocytic endosperm development: Unraveling molecular, cellular, and growth complexity
Vijyesh Sharma1, Mohammad Foteh Ali1, Tomokazu Kawashima1
1Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Abstract:
The endosperm, a product of double fertilization, is one of the keys to the evolution and success of angiosperms in conquering the land. While there are differences in endosperm development among flowering plants, the most common form is coenocytic growth, where the endosperm initially undergoes nuclear division without cytokinesis and eventually becomes cellularized. This complex process requires interplay among networks of transcription factors such as MADS-box, auxin response factors (ARFs), and phytohormones. The role of cytoskeletal elements in shaping the coenocytic endosperm and influencing seed growth also becomes evident. This review offers a recent understanding of the molecular and cellular dynamics in coenocytic endosperm development and their contributions to the final seed size.
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