Electromagnetic force from electric vehicles: Potential electromagnetic interference source for subcutaneous...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Electromagnetics
• Medical Devices

Background:

• Electromagnetic interference (EMI) poses risks to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs), potentially causing malfunctions like inaccurate sensing or inappropriate therapy.
• These electromagnetic field signals can disrupt device circuitry, impacting critical functions such as pacing and defibrillation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by a Tesla Model 3 electric vehicle (EV).
• To assess the impact of EV-generated EMI on the functionality of a Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (S-ICD).

Main Methods:

• An experimental loop antenna, mimicking an implantable cardioverted defibrillator (ICD) antenna, was utilized for measurements.
• Testing was conducted inside and outside an electric vehicle (EV) at various locations and antenna orientations, with the vehicle charging ON and OFF.
• Measurements were taken at multiple points including the driver's seat, floor, passenger seat, rear seat, cup holder, and near the charging station.

Main Results:

• Distinct voltage measurements (max 400-504 millivolts) were recorded near the cup holder, differing significantly from other tested locations.
• Identified EMI signals from the EV were within the R-wave Spectrum (30-300 Hz), a range relevant to S-ICD function.

Conclusions:

• Electric vehicle (EV) generated EMI has the potential to interfere with Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (S-ICD) functionality.
• Further in-vivo studies are necessary to precisely quantify the interference levels between S-ICDs and EMI emitted by EVs.