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A Post-International Gastrointestinal Cancers' Conference (IGICC) Position Statements.

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Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
|June 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common liver cancer, often diagnosed late, has seen treatment advancements. Current strategies for advanced HCC involve combination therapies like immunotherapy and anti-VEGFR inhibitors.

Keywords:
diagnosishepatocellular carcinomaimagingimmunotherapyscreeningtreatmenttyrosine kinase inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Oncology
  • Cancer Research
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor, frequently associated with chronic liver diseases like cirrhosis.
  • Globally, HCC ranks as the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with Asia experiencing the highest incidence.
  • Key risk factors include chronic viral infections, alcohol consumption, fatty liver disease, and genetic predispositions, with a notable gender disparity (males affected thrice as often).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in treatment methodologies for advanced Hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To highlight the critical factors influencing treatment selection for HCC, including disease stage and patient health.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies for managing advanced HCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment.
  • Analysis of treatment guidelines and clinical trial outcomes for advanced HCC.
  • Evaluation of multidisciplinary approaches and personalized treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 40-50% of HCC cases are diagnosed at late stages, necessitating advanced treatment options.
  • Treatment selection is multifactorial, considering disease stage, liver condition, etiology, portal hypertension, and portal vein thrombosis.
  • Potentially curative options include liver resection, ablation, or transplantation for eligible patients.
  • For inoperable cases, arterially directed therapy, systemic treatments, or external beam radiation therapy are considered.
  • First-line treatments for advanced HCC often involve combination therapies (e.g., immunotherapy with anti-VEGFR inhibitors) or dual immunotherapy.
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors can be used as monotherapy for patients unsuitable for combination treatments.
  • Second-line treatment options have also been identified and are under consideration.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimizing HCC treatment decisions.
  • Significant progress has been made in managing advanced HCC, with combination therapies showing promise.
  • Ongoing research continues to expand the therapeutic arsenal for Hepatocellular carcinoma, improving patient outcomes.