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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Differences in Cortical Surface Area in Developmental Language Disorder.

Nilgoun Bahar1, Gabriel J Cler1,2, Saloni Krishnan1,3

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Neurobiology of Language (Cambridge, Mass.)
|June 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have smaller brain surface areas in key language regions. This neurobiological finding suggests cortical surface area development is crucial for DLD.

Keywords:
developmental language disorderpaediatricstructural MRIstructural asymmetrysurface areasurface-based anatomical modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) affects approximately 7% of children, presenting persistent language learning challenges.
  • The neurobiological underpinnings of DLD remain incompletely understood.
  • Investigating brain structure differences is crucial for understanding DLD's etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in cortical surface area and thickness in children and adolescents with DLD compared to typically developing peers.
  • To examine cortical asymmetries in individuals with DLD.
  • To explore the relationship between language ability and cortical metrics across a spectrum of language development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized FreeSurfer software for automated surface-based analysis of brain imaging data.
  • Analyzed a cohort of 156 children and adolescents (aged 10-16), including 54 with DLD, 28 with prior speech-language difficulties, and 74 controls.
  • Examined cortical surface area and thickness, as well as cortical asymmetries.

Main Results:

  • Children with DLD exhibited significantly smaller bilateral surface area in regions including the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula, posterior temporal, and ventral occipito-temporal cortex.
  • Language proficiency across the entire cohort positively correlated with surface area in these identified regions.
  • No significant differences were found in cortical thickness or cortical asymmetry between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical surface area, but not thickness or asymmetry, is significantly reduced in children with DLD.
  • These findings underscore the importance of cortical surface area development in DLD.
  • Further longitudinal research is needed to track developmental trajectories and their relation to language maturation in DLD.