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General framework for quantifying dissipation pathways in open quantum systems. I. Theoretical formulation.

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We developed a new theory to understand energy dissipation in quantum systems. This framework quantifies how different parts of the environment contribute to energy loss, aiding in the engineering of quantum dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Open quantum systems are fundamental to understanding energy transfer and decoherence.
  • Quantifying energy dissipation pathways is crucial for controlling quantum dynamics.
  • Existing methods often rely on approximations or are limited in scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a general and practical theoretical framework for investigating energy dissipation in open quantum systems.
  • To quantify the contributions of individual bath components to system dissipation.
  • To provide a tool for interpreting and engineering quantum system dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Nakajima-Zwanzig projection operator technique.
  • Expressing dissipation rates using traces of operator products.
  • Incorporating system-bath interactions to all orders, with second-order perturbation theory for couplings and a Markovian bath description.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the framework's utility with harmonic oscillator and spin bath models.
  • Connected outcomes to previously reported results for harmonic baths.
  • Proved that the calculated dissipation satisfies energy conservation and detailed balance.

Conclusions:

  • The presented framework offers a general and practical approach to studying energy dissipation in open quantum systems.
  • It enables the quantification of dissipation contributions from individual environmental components.
  • This strategy advances the theory and simulation of dissipation pathways for manipulating quantum dynamics.