SWI/SNF family mutations in advanced NSCLC: genetic characteristics and immune checkpoint inhibitors' therapeutic...

SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) mutations have garnered increasing attention because of their association with unfavorable prognosis. However, the genetic landscape of SWI/SNF family mutations in Chinese non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. In addition, the optimal treatment strategy has not yet been determined.

We collected sequencing data on 2027 lung tumor samples from multiple centers in China to comprehensively analyze the genomic characteristics of the SWI/SNF family within the Chinese NSCLC population. Meanwhile, 519 patients with NSCLC from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were enrolled to investigate the potential implications of immunotherapy on patients with SWI/SNF mutations and to identify beneficial subpopulations. We also validated our findings in multiple publicly available cohorts.

Approximately 15% of Chinese patients with lung cancer harbored mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, which were mutually exclusive to the EGFR mutations. Patients with SWI/SNF^mut NSCLC who received first-line chemoimmunotherapy had better survival outcomes than those who received chemotherapy alone (median progression-free survival: 8.70 versus 6.93 months; P = 0.028). This finding was also confirmed by external validation using the POPLAR/OAK cohort. SWI/SNF^mut NSCLC is frequently characterized by high tumor mutational burden and concurrent TP53 or STK11/KEAP mutations. Further analysis indicated that TP53 and STK11/KEAP1 mutations could be stratifying factors in facilitating personalized immunotherapy and guiding patient selection.

This study provides a step forward in understanding the genetic and immunological characterization of SWI/SNF genetic alterations. Moreover, our study reveals substantial benefits of immunotherapy over chemotherapy for SWI/SNF-mutant patients, especially the SWI/SNF^mut and TP53^mut subgroups.