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Adaptation to exercise in the cold.

R J Shephard

    Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Winter athletes can maintain body temperature through various methods, but intense exercise can be counterproductive. Cold exposure can induce fat loss, potentially aiding obesity treatment, though individual responses vary.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Science
    • Human Physiology
    • Environmental Medicine

    Background:

    • Winter athletes employ tactics to sustain body temperature in severe cold.
    • Increased physical activity intensity can be counterproductive due to heat loss and physiological strain.
    • Shivering generates heat but impairs performance and hastens fatigue.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore thermoregulation strategies for winter athletes.
    • To investigate non-shivering thermogenesis and cold acclimatization in humans.
    • To assess the potential of winter sports for obesity treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of physiological responses to cold exposure.
    • Analysis of heat production mechanisms (shivering, non-shivering thermogenesis).

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  • Examination of cold acclimatization processes (insulative, hypothermic, humoral).

    • Main Results:

    • Cold acclimatization in humans primarily involves an insulative, hypothermic response.
    • Sustained cold exposure can lead to humoral acclimatization with increased noradrenaline/thyroxine.
    • Moderate exercise with facial cooling in men induces significant fat loss and metabolic changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Winter sports may offer a method for obesity treatment through induced fat loss.
    • Factors influencing cold-induced fat loss include energy deficit and metabolic processes.
    • Further research is needed on optimal conditions, pathological reactions, and sex differences in cold-induced fat loss.