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Invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2021-2022.
Averil Griffith1, Alyssa R Golden1, Brigitte Lefebvre2
1National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB.
Summary
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases decreased in 2021 but rose in 2022. Increasing serotypes and multidrug resistance highlight the need for ongoing surveillance of IPD in Canada.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a nationally notifiable disease in Canada.
- Conjugate vaccine use has altered the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes over time.
- This report summarizes IPD demographics, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance in Canada for 2021-2022.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the demographics, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of IPD isolates in Canada.
- To analyze trends in IPD incidence and serotype distribution.
- To assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in IPD isolates.
Main Methods:
- National surveillance of IPD isolates conducted by the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) and collaborating laboratories.
- Serotyping performed using Quellung reaction or whole-genome sequencing (WGS).
- Antimicrobial susceptibility determined by WGS, broth microdilution, or shared data; incidence rates from Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System.
Main Results:
- IPD incidence was 5.62 cases/100,000 population in 2021, a decrease from 2018's peak.
- Serotypes 4, 9V, and 12F showed increasing trends (2018-2022).
- Prevalence of PCV13 serotypes increased (31.2%-41.5%), while non-vaccine types decreased (27.3%-21.5%). Multidrug-resistant IPD rose from 6.7% to 12.6% (2018-2022).
Conclusions:
- IPD cases decreased in 2021 but returned to pre-COVID-19 levels in 2022.
- Increasing prevalence of specific PCV13 and non-PCV13 serotypes (3, 4, 9V, 19F, 12F, 20) observed.
- Continued IPD surveillance is crucial for monitoring serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance.
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