ECAS correlation with metabolic alterations on FDG-PET imaging in ALS

Background: Cognitive impairment is observed in up to 50% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) is an ALS-specific multi-domain screening tool. Few studies have examined the relationship between ECAS scores and [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([¹⁸F]FDG-PET) findings. Objective: To assess the relationship between ECAS scores and glucose metabolism patterns on [¹⁸F]FDG -PET images in ALS. Methods: We collected [¹⁸F]FDG-PET images from 65 patients with ALS and 39 healthy controls. ECAS scores were collected on all patients and we calculated the correlation to [¹⁸F]FDG-PET in order to investigate the potential links between cognition and glucose metabolism. Results: We observed hypometabolism in the frontal cortex, insula, and limbic system, together with hypermetabolism in the cerebellum in patients with ALS compared to controls. A lower ECAS total score was associated with lower glucose metabolism in the right orbitofrontal gyrus and higher glucose metabolism in lateral occipital, medial occipital, and cerebellar regions, among patients with ALS. Similar results, although less widespread, were observed in the analyses of ECAS ALS-specific scores. Conclusions: The metabolic patterns in [¹⁸F]FDG -PET show that changes in the glucose metabolism of corresponding areas are related to cognitive dysfunction in ALS, and can be detected using the ECAS.