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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.4K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

9.6K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
9.6K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.3K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.3K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

26.3K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
26.3K

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Nanoparticle Superlattices with Nonequilibrium Crystal Shapes.

Matthew Ye1, Theodore Hueckel1, Perapat P Gatenil1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

ACS Nano
|June 5, 2024
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Summary

Researchers controlled nanoparticle assembly shapes using kinetic factors, not just thermodynamics. This allows for novel crystal structures and expands design principles for nanoparticle superlattices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Nanoparticle assembly offers precise control over nanoscale structures.
  • Traditional crystal growth analogies aid in predicting unit cell symmetries but not crystallite shapes.
  • Kinetics and thermodynamics both influence crystal growth, with kinetics being key for shape control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate kinetic control over colloidal crystal shape using nanoparticle building blocks.
  • To explore the morphological evolution of these kinetically controlled crystals.
  • To expand the diversity of nanoparticle superlattice crystal habits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing nanoparticle building blocks for rapid assembly across various concentrations.
  • Analyzing the influence of assembly kinetics on crystal habit formation.
  • Investigating the role of differing mass transport timescales between atomic and colloidal systems.

Main Results:

  • Achieved well-defined crystal habits with symmetrically oriented dendritic protrusions.
  • Observed that nonequilibrium crystal shapes are more prevalent under near-equilibrium growth conditions.
  • Demonstrated that kinetic control is achievable without shaped particles or external agents.

Conclusions:

  • Kinetic control offers a powerful strategy to program nanoparticle superlattice morphologies.
  • The findings provide generalizable design principles for creating novel crystallite shapes.
  • This work enables the synthesis of previously unobserved superlattice structures.