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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Protective function of sclerosing cholangitis on IBD.

Tanja Bedke1,2, Friederike Stumme1,2, Miriam Tomczak1,2

  • 1I. Department of Medicine, Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Gut
|June 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) surprisingly attenuates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by altering gut microbiota and increasing regulatory T-cells. This PSC-IBD association reveals a protective mechanism against IBD severity.

Keywords:
COLONIC MICROFLORACholangitisINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASEPRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) share a strong clinical association, with 60-80% of PSC patients developing IBD.
  • A prevailing hypothesis suggested PSC might drive IBD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether PSC attenuates IBD.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the PSC-IBD relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of colitis severity in mouse models and human cohorts (IBD, PSC-IBD).
  • Assessment of Foxp3+ Treg-cell infiltration via qPCR and flow cytometry.
  • Intestinal microbiota profiling and fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice.

Main Results:

  • PSC attenuated IBD in mouse models, correlating with increased Foxp3+ Treg-cell expansion.
  • Patients with PSC-IBD exhibited higher colonic Foxp3+ expression and milder IBD.
  • Fecal microbiota from PSC patients conferred protection against colitis in gnotobiotic mice.

Conclusions:

  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) demonstrates a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • This attenuation is mediated by PSC-induced alterations in gut microbiota composition, promoting regulatory T-cell expansion.
  • The findings offer a novel mechanistic insight into the PSC-IBD association, challenging previous hypotheses.