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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles
Published on: June 13, 2017
Deirdre Larsen1, Michael Olejniczak2, Yann P Kerevel3
1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Our Lady of the Lake, The Voice Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
False vocal fold (FVF) or simultaneous FVF with thyroarytenoid (FVF+TA) Botox® injections offer comparable treatment effects to standard TA injections for adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Patient-reported outcomes can guide the choice between FVF and FVF+TA injections.
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