Relative pedaling forces are low during cycling

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Exercise Physiology
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Understanding the mechanical demands of cycling is crucial for optimizing training.
• Maximum Dynamic Force (MDF) is a key metric for assessing cyclist power output.
• Previous research has not fully elucidated relative force demands across various cycling intensities and cadences.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify and compare the relative mechanical force demands during cycling.
• To investigate the influence of different exercise intensities and cadences on force demands.
• To inform the programming of on-bike resistance training for enhanced torque production.

Main Methods:

• Eleven cyclists pedaled at varying intensities: ventilatory threshold, maximum lactate steady state, respiratory compensation point, and maximal aerobic power.
• Cadences tested included free, 40, 60, and 80 revolutions per minute (rpm).
• All-out resisted sprints were also performed to establish a baseline for Maximum Dynamic Force (MDF).

Main Results:

• Relative force demands increased significantly with higher exercise intensities (p < 0.001).
• Lower cadences also led to a significant increase in relative force demands (p < 0.001).
• Force demands remained below 54% MDF across all tested conditions, including high-intensity efforts.

Conclusions:

• Cycling intensity and cadence significantly impact relative mechanical force demands.
• The force demands during typical cycling conditions, even 'torque training,' are lower than anticipated.
• These findings provide valuable insights for designing targeted on-bike resistance training programs to enhance cyclists' torque production capabilities.