Room temperature NH₃ gas sensor based on In(OH)₃/Ti₃C₂T_x nanocomposites

Industrialization and agricultural demand have both improved human life and led to environmental contamination. Especially the discharge of a lot of poisonous and harmful gases, including ammonia, ammonia pollution has become a pressing problem. High concentrations of ammonia can pose significant threats to both the environment and human health. Therefore, accurate monitoring and detection of ammonia gas are crucial. To address this challenge, we have developed an ammonia gas sensor using In(OH)₃/Ti₃C₂T_x nanocomposites through an in-situ electrostatic self-assembly process. This sensor was thoroughly characterized using advanced techniques like XRD, XPS, BET, and TEM. In our tests, the I/M-2 sensor exhibited remarkable performance, achieving a 16.8% response to 100 ppm NH₃ at room temperature, which is a 3.5-fold improvement over the pure Ti₃C₂T_x MXene sensor. Moreover, it provides swift response time (20 s), high response to low NH₃ concentrations (≤ 10 ppm), and excellent long-term stability (30 days). These exceptional characteristics indicate the immense potential of our In(OH)₃/Ti₃C₂T_x gas sensor in ammonia detection.