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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo
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Exploiting bacteria for cancer immunotherapy.

Seong-Young Kwon1,2, Hien Thi-Thu Ngo1,3,4, Jinbae Son5

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Harnessing the power of intratumoural bacteria offers a novel approach to cancer immunotherapy. Engineering these microbes shows promise for overcoming current treatment limitations and improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment but faces challenges like resistance and toxicity.
  • The link between the human microbiota and cancer has ancient roots, with intratumoural bacteria playing key roles in cancer development and treatment.
  • Intratumoural bacteria can influence cancer growth by modifying the tumour microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of intratumoural bacteria and their interactions with the tumour microenvironment.
  • To explore strategies for engineering bacteria as cancer immunotherapy agents.
  • To summarize clinical trial data on bacterial-based cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical research on intratumoural bacteria and their therapeutic applications.
  • Analysis of bacterial engineering strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Synthesis of data from completed and ongoing clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Intratumoural bacteria exhibit complex interactions within the tumour microenvironment, influencing both cancer pathogenesis and treatment response.
  • Significant preclinical advancements have been made in engineering bacteria for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Several bacterial-based therapies have progressed to clinical trials, demonstrating feasibility and potential.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteria hold significant potential to revolutionize cancer therapy by integrating ancient observations with modern scientific innovation.
  • Engineering bacteria offers a promising avenue to address limitations in current cancer immunotherapy, including response rates and resistance.
  • Further research and clinical development of bacterial-based strategies could transform the landscape of cancer treatment.