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Neuromechanical Differences between Pronated and Supinated Forearm Positions during Upper-Body Wingate Tests
Shahab Alizadeh1,2, Philip F Edwards1, Evan J Lockyer1,3
1School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
|June 6, 2024
Summary
Forearm position significantly impacts arm-cycling performance, with pronation yielding greater forces and muscle activation. This research offers insights for optimizing arm-cycling training and rehabilitation strategies.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Arm-cycling is a valuable tool for athletic training and rehabilitation.
- The effect of forearm orientation on arm-cycling performance is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how forearm position (pronation vs. supination) affects upper-body arm-cycling Wingate tests.
- To analyze the influence on muscle activation, force production, and perceived exertion.
Main Methods:
- Fourteen adult males performed arm-cycling Wingate tests in pronated and supinated forearm positions.
- Electromyography (EMG) and force measurements were recorded from the upper extremities.
- Handgrip strength, power output, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed.
Main Results:
- Pronated forearm position resulted in significantly higher normal and propulsion forces and triceps brachii activation.
- No significant difference in RPE was found between forearm positions.
- Seated handgrip strength correlated positively with peak power output in both pronated and supinated positions.
Conclusions:
- Forearm orientation demonstrably influences upper-body arm-cycling performance, particularly force generation and muscle engagement.
- Findings provide evidence for optimizing arm-cycling protocols in athletic and rehabilitative contexts.
- Fatigue alters force and EMG patterns during the Wingate test.
