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Updated: Jun 24, 2025
Natural Killer NK and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
Published on: February 8, 2022
Five decades of natural killer cell discovery
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Abstract:
The first descriptions of "non-specific" killing of tumor cells by lymphocytes were reported in 1973, and subsequently, the mediators of the activity were named "natural killer" (NK) cells by Rolf Kiessling and colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in 1975. The activity was detected in mice, rats, and humans that had no prior exposure to the tumors, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen matching of the effectors and tumor cells was not required, and the cells responsible were distinct from MHC-restricted, antigen-specific T cells. In the ensuing five decades, research by many labs has extended knowledge of NK cells beyond an in vitro curiosity to demonstrate their in vivo relevance in host defense against tumors and microbial pathogens and their role in regulation of the immune system. This brief Perspective highlights a timeline of a few selected advancements in NK cell biology from a personal perspective of being involved in this quest.
Insights
Natural killer (NK) cells, discovered in 1975, are immune cells crucial for fighting tumors and infections. Decades of research confirm their vital role in host defense and immune regulation within the body.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Natural killer (NK) cells were first described in 1973 as lymphocytes capable of non-specific tumor cell killing.
- Their discovery in 1975 by Rolf Kiessling et al. marked a significant advancement, identifying these cells as distinct from T cells and not requiring MHC matching.
- Initial observations in mice, rats, and humans revealed their innate cytotoxic potential against tumors without prior sensitization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a historical perspective on the key advancements in natural killer (NK) cell biology.
- To highlight the evolution of NK cell research from in vitro observations to in vivo relevance.
- To underscore the multifaceted roles of NK cells in immunity and disease.
Main Methods:
- This perspective is based on a review of seminal research and personal involvement in the field of NK cell biology over five decades.
- Key findings and discoveries related to NK cell function and characteristics are discussed.
- The narrative traces the progression of understanding NK cell contributions to host defense.
Main Results:
- NK cells are critical components of the innate immune system, mediating early defense against viral infections and tumors.
- Research has established their importance in regulating immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis.
- Their role extends beyond tumor surveillance to include pathogen clearance and tissue remodeling.
Conclusions:
- NK cell research has evolved significantly over 50 years, revealing their broad impact on health and disease.
- These cells are essential for effective host defense against a range of threats, including cancer and microbial pathogens.
- Continued investigation into NK cell biology promises further insights into therapeutic strategies for immune-related disorders.
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