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Cancer Screening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Maria Elena Martinez1, Kathleen M Schmeler2, Martin Lajous3,4
1Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
Summary
Cancer incidence is rising globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review examines breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer epidemiology and proposes innovative screening for better global cancer control.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Global Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The global cancer burden is increasing, with a disproportionate rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
- Breast, colorectal, and cervical cancers are leading causes of cancer diagnosis and mortality worldwide.
- Existing screening methods for these cancers are effective but face significant barriers in LMICs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology of breast, colorectal, and cervical cancers.
- To explore novel screening approaches for cost-constrained environments.
- To identify strategies for improving global cancer control in LMICs.
Main Methods:
- Epidemiological review of breast, colorectal, and cervical cancers.
- Analysis of current screening practices and their limitations in LMICs.
- Exploration of innovative and cost-effective screening technologies.
Main Results:
- Late-stage diagnosis is a major contributor to cancer mortality in LMICs due to cost and access barriers.
- Effective screening strategies exist but are underutilized in resource-limited settings.
- Novel approaches are needed to overcome barriers and improve early detection rates.
Conclusions:
- Improving global cancer control requires addressing the unique challenges faced by LMICs.
- Innovative and accessible screening strategies are crucial for reducing cancer mortality.
- Further research into cost-effective screening is essential for equitable cancer care worldwide.
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