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Interventions that support novice nurses' transition into practice: A realist review
Heleen C Melissant1, Rick R A Hendriks1, Ellen J M Bakker2
1Leiden University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health, Zernikedreef 11, Postbus 382, 2300 AJ Leiden, the Netherlands.
International Journal of Nursing Studies
|June 6, 2024
Summary
Transition-to-practice programs for novice nurses improve retention and competence, but their success depends on context and mechanisms. A systemic, organizational approach is recommended for better implementation.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Education
- Healthcare Management
- Organizational Psychology
Background:
- Novice nurses benefit from transition-to-practice programs, yet the mechanisms driving their success are unclear.
- Existing programs aim to improve nurse retention, well-being, and clinical competence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify how transition-to-practice programs function for novice nurses.
- To determine the contexts in which these programs are most successful.
Main Methods:
- A realist review of 32 studies (2000-2023) evaluating 30 transition-to-practice programs.
- Extraction of program theories, contextual factors, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMO configurations).
Main Results:
- Programs often lack a theoretical foundation and include components like stress management, education, and peer support.
- Key mechanisms involve psychological, professional, and social development.
- Successful implementation depends on mentor/novice conditions, nurse motivation, and organizational culture.
Conclusions:
- Current programs focus on individual nurse development.
- A systemic approach incorporating organizational development is crucial for successful transition to practice.
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