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Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins
Published on: July 1, 2011
Lepra Reactions: Mimickers and Mirror to Unmask Complex Cases of Leprosy
Sandhya Kumari1, Ghanshyam K Verma1, Ajeet K Negi1
1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Abstract:
Leprosy is a silent disease with protean manifestations, especially during lepra reactions (LRs). Cases with atypical leprosy or LR simulate a number of conditions misdiagnosed frequently. Here, three classical cases of leprosy are reported for their complex presentation. Leprosy was hidden in Case 1 due to co-existing diabetes. COVID vaccination induced LR unmasked all leprosy lesions, which were extensive, large, bizarre and spreading to various immune zones. Case 2 presented with high-grade fever, tachycardia, generalized erythema and body aches. A detailed workup unveiled his leprosy with a rare presentation of Type 1 lepra reaction (T1LR) with erythroderma and severe systemic symptoms. Case 3 mimicked sarcoidosis and lupus erythematosus (LE) on routine workup. She had facial lesions in the malar area, photosensitivity, joint pains, raised angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels and positive anti-nuclear antibodies. Peri-appendageal granulomas on histopathology and therapeutic response to multidrug therapy helped in the early diagnosis of leprosy.
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