Analytical methods for determining ascorbic acid in biological samples, food products, and pharmaceuticals

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Food Science
• Pharmaceutical Analysis

Background:

• Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) analysis is crucial in food, pharmaceuticals, and biological contexts.
• Numerous analytical methods have been developed and published over the last decade.
• Understanding the underlying chemistry is key to accurate ascorbic acid determination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize the chemistry behind various ascorbic acid analysis methods.
• To highlight historically significant and advanced analytical procedures.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of ascorbic acid determination techniques.

Main Methods:

• Spectroscopic methods (e.g., UV-Vis spectrophotometry)
• Electrochemical methods (e.g., voltammetry, amperometry)
• Enzymatic methods (e.g., using oxidases)
• Chromatographic methods (e.g., HPLC)

Main Results:

• The review categorizes and explains the chemical principles of diverse ascorbic acid analytical techniques.
• It emphasizes methods that are historically important or represent significant advancements.
• The chemistry of each major method category is discussed in detail.

Conclusions:

• A thorough understanding of the chemistry is essential for selecting and optimizing ascorbic acid analysis methods.
• The reviewed methods offer a range of sensitivities, specificities, and applications for ascorbic acid determination.
• This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in ascorbic acid analysis.