Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

1.5K
Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
1.5K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

23.9K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
23.9K
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

279
Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
279
Angle of Twist: Problem Solving01:13

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

269
An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the...
269
Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients01:14

Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients

2.4K
The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an...
2.4K
F Distribution01:19

F Distribution

3.7K
The F distribution was named after Sir Ronald Fisher, an English statistician. The F statistic is a ratio (a fraction) with two sets of degrees of freedom; one for the numerator and one for the denominator. The F distribution is derived from the Student's t distribution. The values of the F distribution are squares of the corresponding values of the t distribution. One-Way ANOVA expands the t test for comparing more than two groups. The scope of that derivation is beyond the level of this...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Heavy-element damage seeding in proteins under XFEL illumination.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2025
Same author

Crystal structures of protic ionic liquids.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Alginate-ionic liquid injectable hydrogels supporting protein crystallization.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same author

Theoretical Studies of Anisotropic Melting of Ice Induced by Ultrafast Nonthermal Heating.

ACS physical chemistry Au·2024
Same author

Microsecond time-resolved X-ray scattering by utilizing MHz repetition rate at second-generation XFELs.

Nature methods·2024
Same author

Scattering approaches to unravel protein solution behaviors in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents: From basic principles to recent developments.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2024
Same journal

Quantitative analysis of light-induced ion segregation in mixed-halide perovskites.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same journal

Towards machine-learning-based on-the-fly analysis of neutron reflectometry.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same journal

<i>mcstas_gisans</i>: combining ray tracing with the distorted-wave Born approximation using <i>McStas</i> and <i>BornAgain</i> for virtual GISANS experiments.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same journal

Computational methods for automated center determination in electron diffraction patterns.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same journal

Epitaxy of ultrathin Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> films on SrTiO<sub>3</sub>(001): influence of growth parameters on the formation of coexisting (111)- and (001)-oriented phases.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same journal

Spin excitations near the pressure-induced antiferromagnetic transition in SrCu<sub>2</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Contrast-Matching Detergent in Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Experiments for Membrane Protein Structural Analysis and Ab Initio Modeling
10:27

Contrast-Matching Detergent in Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Experiments for Membrane Protein Structural Analysis and Ab Initio Modeling

Published on: October 21, 2018

12.4K

The pypadf package: computing the pair angle distribution function from fluctuation scattering data.

Andrew V Martin1, Patrick Adams1, Jack Binns1

  • 1School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|June 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The pair angle distribution function (PADF) offers new insights into the angular structure of disordered materials. This method, calculable with the pypadf software, enhances traditional pair distribution analysis.

Keywords:
X-ray cross-correlation analysisfluctuation X-ray scatteringfluctuation electron microscopypair angle distribution functionsoftware

More Related Videos

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
06:49

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

Published on: March 2, 2021

6.2K
Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Contrast-Matching Detergent in Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Experiments for Membrane Protein Structural Analysis and Ab Initio Modeling
10:27

Contrast-Matching Detergent in Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Experiments for Membrane Protein Structural Analysis and Ab Initio Modeling

Published on: October 21, 2018

12.4K
In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
06:49

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

Published on: March 2, 2021

6.2K
Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Data Analysis

Background:

  • Disordered, particulate, and nanocrystalline materials possess complex local structures.
  • Existing pair distribution methods lack angular information crucial for full structural characterization.
  • Fluctuation diffraction techniques offer a route to probe these complex structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the pair angle distribution function (PADF) as a novel method for analyzing local angular structure.
  • To present the `pypadf` software package for calculating PADF from fluctuation diffraction data.
  • To provide tools for intensity correlation function calculation, a key step in PADF analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing X-ray or electron fluctuation diffraction data from disordered samples.
  • Calculating the intensity correlation function from diffraction data.
  • Employing the `pypadf` software package to compute the pair angle distribution function (PADF).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the capability of PADF to characterize three- and four-atom angular correlations.
  • Showcased the `pypadf` package's functionality in processing fluctuation diffraction data.
  • Highlighted the utility of the intensity correlation function as a foundational element for scattering analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The pair angle distribution function (PADF) provides a significant advancement over traditional pair distribution methods by including angular information.
  • The `pypadf` software package facilitates the practical application of PADF analysis for disordered materials.
  • This approach opens new avenues for understanding the structural properties of complex materials.