Hand-held all-in-one (HAO) self-test kit for rapid and on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 with colorimetric LAMP

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals potentially infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were forcibly recalled to local or central hospitals, where the diagnostic results were obtained a couple of days after the liquid biopsies were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This slow output of such a complex and time-consuming laboratory procedure hindered its widespread application. To overcome the limitations associated with such a centralized diagnostic system, we developed a hand-held and all-in-one type test kit in which the analytical results can be obtained in only 30 min. The test kit consists of three major steps for on-site SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection: 1) virus lysis by heat, 2) RNA enrichment by membrane, and 3) real-time detection by colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (c-LAMP). The proposed device operates in a sample-to-answer format, is fully automated, and reduces dependence on traditional laboratory settings, facilitating large-scale population screening.