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Potential negative effects of genomic selection.

Ignacy Misztal1, Daniela Lourenco1

  • 1Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic selection (GS) accelerates genetic gains but can harm secondary traits due to genetic correlations. Monitoring and updating selection indices are crucial to prevent unintended trait deterioration.

Keywords:
antagonismcorrelated responseestimationgenetic parametersgenomic selectionresource allocationselection index

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Breeding and Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Genomic Selection

Background:

  • Genomic selection (GS) initially showed promise for improving major traits and managing antagonistic traits.
  • Concerns exist regarding accelerated deterioration of secondary traits under GS, potentially due to resource allocation mismatches.
  • Historical selection focused on production traits, leading to fitness trait decline, later mitigated by management and index inclusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of secondary trait deterioration under accelerated genomic selection.
  • To understand the role of genetic correlations and selection indices in trait responses under GS.
  • To highlight the need for updated genetic parameters and monitoring in GS programs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic trends and correlations between primary and secondary traits under selection.
  • Evaluation of the impact of selection indices and management practices on trait trajectories.
  • Review of potential causes for accelerated deterioration of unrecorded or sparsely recorded traits.

Main Results:

  • GS accelerates genetic trends, magnifying negative correlated responses for fitness traits, especially when management improvements do not keep pace.
  • Deterioration of secondary traits can intensify due to rapid GS turnover, declining heritabilities, and intensified genetic antagonism.
  • While GS can improve widely recorded traits, unrecorded traits risk accelerated decline if genetic parameters are not updated.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous monitoring for unexpected trait changes is vital in GS to prevent secondary trait declines.
  • Investigating temporal dynamics of genetic parameters, particularly genetic correlations, can anticipate trait changes.
  • Development of new methods for estimating genetic parameters with large genomic datasets is necessary for accurate selection indices.