The Role of miRNAs in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a serious subtype of stroke with high mortality and disability. The rupture of intracranial aneurysms is the main cause. However, in recent years, with the popularization of CT, MRI, and cerebral angiography, the detection rate of unruptured aneurysms has increased, and the incidence of aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage has gradually decreased. However, there are still some patients who fail to detect aneurysms in time and receive treatment, resulting in the occurrence of aneurysm rupture and bleeding, and these patients usually have a poor prognosis and leave a lasting disability. Therefore, exploring the causes of aneurysm formation and the mechanism of brain injury caused by aneurysm rupture is of great significance for preventing aneurysm formation and improving the prognosis of patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved non-coding RNAs that can bind to the 3'UTR of target mRNAs to regulate gene expression. Studies have shown that miRNAs can affect the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms by participating in apoptosis, inflammation, phagocyte migration, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) regulation, and regulate the damage of brain tissue after aneurysm rupture. They play a role in multiple pathophysiological processes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. This article reviews the role of miRNAs in different pathophysiological stages of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We further described the research progress of miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of aSAH and discussed their application prospects in the prevention and treatment of aSAH.