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Related Concept Videos

Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

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Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Recent progress in aqueous aluminum-ion batteries.

Bin Wang1,2,3, Yu Tang1,2,3, Tao Deng1,2,3

  • 1School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.

Nanotechnology
|June 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Aqueous aluminum-ion batteries offer a safe, eco-friendly alternative to lithium-ion batteries. This review details advancements in electrode materials and electrolytes, addressing challenges for improved performance.

Keywords:
anodeaqueous aluminum ion batteriescathodeelectrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AAIBs) are promising due to safety, cost, and resource abundance.
  • They present a potential sustainable alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current research status and future trends of AAIBs.
  • To summarize solutions for anode passivation/corrosion and cathode degradation in AAIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cathode, anode, and electrolyte materials for AAIBs.
  • Analysis of strategies like artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI), alloying, doping, and electrolyte regulation.
  • Examination of material transformation mechanisms during cycling.

Main Results:

  • Identified key challenges including anode passivation and cathode instability.
  • Summarized various approaches to mitigate these issues and enhance battery performance.
  • Highlighted the importance of understanding material transformation mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • AAIBs show significant potential but require further development in electrode and electrolyte design.
  • Future research should focus on advanced materials and electrolyte engineering for long-term stability.
  • This review provides insights for designing next-generation AAIBs.