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In Vivo Optical Calcium Imaging of Learning-Induced Synaptic Plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster

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Parvalbumin-expressing basal forebrain neurons mediate learning from negative experience.

Panna Hegedüs^1,2, Bálint Király¹, Dániel Schlingloff¹

¹Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary.

Nature Communications

|June 7, 2024

Summary

Parvalbumin (PV)-expressing basal forebrain neurons (BFPVNs) activate phasically to punishment, aiding associative learning. Inhibiting these neurons during punishment impairs learning, highlighting their role in processing aversive stimuli for behavior.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Neuroscience
Cellular Neuroscience

Background:

Parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BFPVNs) are hypothesized to regulate arousal.
The precise function of BFPVNs in awake behaviors, particularly associative learning, remains largely undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of BFPVNs in awake behaviors, specifically associative learning in male mice.
To characterize the activity patterns of BFPVNs in response to reward and punishment during a learning task.

Main Methods:

Bulk calcium imaging and electrophysiology were employed in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) of male mice.
Optogenetic tagging and inhibition techniques were used to manipulate BFPVN activity during an associative learning task.

Main Results:

BFPVNs exhibited phasic activation in response to punishment but delayed responses to reward and predictive cues.
Optogenetic inhibition of BFPVNs during punishment significantly impaired cue-outcome association formation.
BFPVNs receive input from the hypothalamus, septal complex, and median raphe, projecting to limbic structures.

Conclusions:

BFPVNs play a causal role in associative learning, particularly in response to aversive stimuli.
The arousal effect of BFPVNs is recruited by aversive stimuli to support crucial associative learning functions.