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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

303
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
303

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Autoantigen Exposure in Murine Fetuses Elicited Nonpathogenic Autoimmunity.

Jeng-Chang Chen1, Liang-Shiou Ou2, Ming-Ling Kuo3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Archives of Medical Research
|June 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Fetal exposure to specific doses of autoantigens can induce autoantibodies and autoreactive lymphocytes. This suggests a potential in utero origin for autoimmunity, requiring a threshold level of fetal autoantigen exposure.

Keywords:
AutoantibodyAutoantigenAutoimmunityCollagen type IIIn utero exposureThyroid peroxidase

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Autoimmunity involves autoantibodies and autoreactive lymphocytes against self-antigens.
  • The developmental origins of autoimmunity remain largely unknown.
  • Autoantibodies have been detected in human cord blood, hinting at prenatal factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunogenicity of fetal exposure to autoantigens.
  • To explore the potential for in utero induction of autoimmunity.
  • To determine the threshold of autoantigen exposure required for immune response.

Main Methods:

  • Murine fetuses at 14 days gestation received intraperitoneal injections of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) or collagen type II (CII) peptides.
  • Transuterine injections were administered at graded doses.
  • Postnatal assessment included autoantibody analysis (ELISA) and autoreactive lymphocyte evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Significant anti-TPO or CII IgG2a autoantibodies were detected postnatally following in utero injections above specific dose thresholds (0.5 µg TPO, 5.0 µg CII).
  • These autoantibodies persisted for 2-4 months, and recipients' lymphocytes showed specific proliferative responses to TPO or CII.
  • Despite elevated autoantibodies and autoreactive lymphocytes, no inflammatory autoimmune disease (thyroiditis or arthritis) developed in the absence of postnatal challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Exposure to free autoantigens during fetal development can be immunogenic.
  • This study provides evidence for an in utero origin of autoantibodies and autoreactive lymphocytes.
  • A threshold level of fetal autoantigen exposure is necessary for the development of autoimmunity.