Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 outbreaks in Algerian avian livestock production

Avian Alpha-influenza-virus (AIV) massively affects poultry, targeting mainly the respiratory tract for virus replication. Recently, two major H5N8 and H5N1 outbreaks caused tremendous losses in Algerian poultry. The clinical symptoms that had not been seen in the past didn't prompt a rapid reaction to control the epidemics. We report here the characteristics of these outbreaks and the epidemiological status of AIV in Algeria. Following autopsy observation samples from target organs were taken and analyzed by the classical real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR). Specific PCR HA and NA identification was used for subtyping H5 and N1/N8 genes. Systemic damage was observed in the upper-respiratory tracts with hemorrhagic and congestive tracheas, lungs, proventriculus, gut, and cecal tonsils were bloody. Out of 77 positive cases 13 were H5N8, 8 H5N1, and 10 H5Nx strains. These findings raise questions about the strain's pathotype considering severe organ damage and high mortality.