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Updated: Jun 24, 2025
A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
Published on: November 13, 2016
Abnormal Global Cortical Responses in Drug-Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia Following Orbitofrontal Cortex
Xiong Jiao1, Qiang Hu2, Yingying Tang3
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Med.-X Engineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Background:
Abnormalities in cortical excitability and plasticity have been considered to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) can provide a direct evaluation of cortical responses to TMS. Here, we employed TMS-EEG to investigate cortical responses to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) stimulation in schizophrenia.
Methods:
In total, we recruited 92 drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 51 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. For each participant, one session of 1-Hz repetitive TMS (rTMS) was delivered to the right OFC, and TMS-EEG data were obtained to explore the change in cortical-evoked activities before and immediately after rTMS during the eyes-closed state. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was used to assess neurocognitive performance.
Results:
The cortical responses indexed by global mean field amplitudes (i.e., P30, N45, and P60) were larger in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy control participants at baseline. Furthermore, after one session of 1-Hz rTMS over the right OFC, the N100 amplitude was significantly reduced in the healthy control group but not in the schizophrenia group. In the healthy control participants, there was a significant correlation between modulation of P60 amplitude by rTMS and working memory; however, this correlation was absent in patients with schizophrenia.
Conclusions:
Aberrant global cortical responses following right OFC stimulation were found in patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia, supporting its significance in the primary pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
