Histiocytic reaction to hip arthroplasty

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Radiology
• Pathology

Background:

• Pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is frequently linked to prosthesis loosening.
• Periprosthetic lucency on radiographs often indicates loosening or infection.

Observation:

• Two patients presented with pain and periprosthetic lucency.
• Histiocytic proliferation was identified as the underlying cause in both cases.

Findings:

• Histiocytic proliferation is a previously unreported cause of periprosthetic lucency and lytic bone changes.
• This condition mimics typical signs of prosthesis loosening or infection.

Implications:

• Radiologists and orthopedic surgeons should consider histiocytic proliferation in the differential diagnosis of periprosthetic lucency.
• Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and treatment strategies.