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Characterizing and Predicting nvPM Size Distributions for Aviation Emission Inventories and Environmental Impact.
Lukas Durdina1, Eliot Durand2, Jacinta Edebeli1
1Centre for Aviation, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur CH-8401, Switzerland.
Environmental Science & Technology
|June 10, 2024
Summary
Understanding aviation
Area of Science:
- Aviation emissions research
- Environmental science
- Aerospace engineering
Background:
- Civil aviation faces increasing scrutiny regarding air quality and environmental impacts.
- Regulations now target nonvolatile particulate matter (nvPM) mass and number emissions.
- Particle size distribution (PSD) is crucial for assessing aviation nvPM's environmental effects, though not mandated for measurement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a comprehensive dataset on the particle size distribution (PSD) characteristics of diverse turbofan engines.
- To investigate the relationship between PSD, nvPM number-to-mass ratio (N/M), and engine thrust.
- To develop empirical correlations for predicting PSD parameters from N/M data.
Main Methods:
- Conducted emission tests on 42 engines across 19 turbofan types using European and Swiss reference nvPM sampling systems.
- Performed parallel PSD measurements alongside nvPM sampling.
- Analyzed correlations between geometric mean diameter (GMD), N/M, and thrust.
Main Results:
- Engine-exit GMD strongly correlated with N/M and thrust, ranging from 7 to 52 nm.
- Engine-exit geometric standard deviation ranged from 1.7 to 2.5, with a mean of 2.05.
- Proposed empirical correlations to predict GMD from N/M for emissions-certified engines.
Conclusions:
- The study provides valuable PSD data for assessing aviation's environmental impact.
- Developed correlations can aid in refining emission models for conventional engines.
- Findings support improved evaluation of aviation's non-CO2 climate and air quality impacts.
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