Testing the reported long-term advantages of protein-fortified human milk in very low birth weight neonates

Area of Science:

• Neonatal nutrition
• Pediatric development
• Long-term health outcomes

Background:

• Preterm infants face growth challenges and developmental risks.
• Human milk fortification with protein and energy is used to improve early growth.
• Long-term effects of neonatal protein supplementation are not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine if enhanced neonatal protein intake benefits preterm infants up to school age.
• To assess long-term anthropometric, renal, and psychological outcomes.
• To evaluate the persistence of early growth benefits.

Main Methods:

• Observational study comparing protein supplemented group (PSG) and control group (CG).
• 22 very low birth weight preterm infants received fortified human milk.
• 11 preterm infants received standard nutrition.
• Assessed anthropometrics, renal function, and Child Behavior Checklist at 9-11 years.

Main Results:

• No significant differences in weight, height, or BMI between PSG and CG at school age.
• No significant differences in internalizing psychological symptoms.
• Mothers reported significantly higher externalizing symptoms in the PSG infants.

Conclusions:

• Neonatal enteral protein supplementation in very low birth weight preterm infants has no significant long-term positive or adverse effects on growth or internalizing behaviors.
• Observed benefits of protein supplementation appear restricted to the neonatal period and early childhood.
• Higher externalizing symptoms in the supplemented group warrant further investigation.