Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2025
07:43
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
18.9K
Pituitary Adenoma Masquerading as Diabetic Third Nerve Palsy
Renu Magdum1, Kalpita B Goli1, Aparna Alapati1
1Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND.
Cureus
|June 10, 2024
Summary
A pituitary adenoma caused a diabetic patient's sudden vision problems, including drooping eyelids and restricted eye movement. Surgical removal led to partial vision recovery, highlighting the importance of thorough diagnosis beyond initial assumptions.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neurology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Uncontrolled diabetes can cause vasculogenic third nerve palsy, presenting with ptosis and ophthalmoplegia.
- Pituitary adenomas can compress cranial nerves, leading to similar ophthalmological symptoms.
Observation:
- A 46-year-old female presented with acute right third nerve palsy and restricted eye movements.
- Visual field testing revealed bitemporal hemianopia, atypical for a simple vasculogenic cause.
Findings:
- Computed tomography (CT) confirmed a pituitary macroadenoma.
- The patient underwent successful trans-nasal endoscopic removal of the pituitary macroadenoma.
Implications:
- This case underscores the necessity of considering pituitary adenoma in patients with sudden onset third nerve palsy, even with a history of uncontrolled diabetes.
- Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention for pituitary macroadenoma can lead to significant visual recovery.
Related Concept Videos
01:14Cranial Nerves: Types Part I
2.5K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
2.5K
01:15Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
256
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
256
01:18Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division
1.2K
The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
1.2K
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
523
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
523
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
920
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
920
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
541
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
541