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Related Concept Videos

Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Selectins01:25

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

In vivo Measurement of the Mouse Pulmonary Endothelial Surface Layer
08:55

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Published on: February 22, 2013

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Endothelial Glycocalyx Protection in Sepsis.

Jerrold H Levy, Toshiaki Iba

    Juntendo Iji Zasshi = Juntendo Medical Journal
    |June 10, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    The vascular glycocalyx protects blood vessels but degrades during sepsis. Careful sepsis treatment is vital to prevent further glycocalyx damage and maintain vascular health.

    Area of Science:

    • Vascular Biology
    • Endothelial Cell Biology
    • Sepsis Pathophysiology

    Background:

    • The glycocalyx is a vital endothelial cell layer composed of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and proteins.
    • It plays key roles in antithrombogenicity, vascular permeability, vascular tone, and leukocyte/platelet adhesion.
    • Sepsis triggers inflammatory mechanisms that significantly degrade the glycocalyx.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the importance of the glycocalyx in vascular health.
    • To explain the mechanisms of glycocalyx degradation during sepsis.
    • To emphasize the need for cautious management during sepsis treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on glycocalyx structure and function.
    • Analysis of inflammatory pathways involved in sepsis.
    Keywords:
    anticoagulationendothelial cellglycocalyxsepsisshocksyndecan

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    Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of the Endothelial Glycocalyx with Atomic Force Microscopy
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  • Discussion of treatment implications for glycocalyx integrity.

    • Main Results:

    • The glycocalyx is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis.
    • Sepsis-induced inflammation leads to substantial glycocalyx shedding.
    • Certain sepsis treatments may exacerbate glycocalyx damage.

    Conclusions:

    • The glycocalyx is a critical determinant of vascular integrity, particularly in sepsis.
    • Protecting the glycocalyx during sepsis treatment is crucial for patient outcomes.
    • Further research should focus on therapeutic strategies to preserve the glycocalyx.